What is the name of organizations founded by businesses to operate within a specific industry, providing research and advocacy?

The correct choice is trade association, as these organizations are established to represent the collective interests of businesses within a specific industry. Their primary functions include conducting research, providing industry insights, advocating for favorable policies, and promoting best practices among their members. Trade associations serve as a platform for networking and collaboration among businesses, facilitating a unified voice on common issues and challenges faced within the industry.

Other options do not fulfill the same role. For instance, trade unions focus on representing the interests of workers, negotiating for better working conditions and wages, rather than serving business interests. Consumer advocacy groups are aimed at protecting consumer rights and interests, which is distinct from the objective of supporting industry businesses. Professional organizations, while they do provide resources and networking for individuals within a profession, are generally centered around the needs of professionals rather than businesses as collectives. Thus, a trade association is uniquely positioned to support industry stakeholders through research and advocacy efforts.